1. Ethereum’s upcoming Fusaka upgrade, set for Q4 2025, will mark a major milestone in scaling, security, and user experience.
2. The upgrade introduces data availability sampling (PeerDAS) to improve efficiency and reduce costs for Layer 2s.
3. New safety limits and usability enhancements will make Ethereum faster, safer, and more compatible with modern applications.

Ethereum announced that its December Fusaka upgrade is a major step in its ongoing roadmap, strengthening the network’s ability to scale while maintaining decentralization.

This upgrade, combining the Osaka execution layer and the Fulu consensus layer, follows the Pectra release and will bring essential improvements in efficiency, security, and user experience.

The Fusaka upgrade will introduce groundbreaking changes to how Ethereum handles data. The most notable feature, PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), will redefine the way nodes store data.

Currently, every node must store all blob data from Layer 2 networks, but with PeerDAS, each node will only store a fraction, about one-eighth, of the total data. This allows Ethereum to scale up to eight times more efficiently while maintaining integrity and reliability.

This change ensures that data remains available and verifiable even if only half the nodes are online. It will significantly reduce hardware strain, lower costs for Layer 2 networks, and create a more sustainable structure for Ethereum’s expanding ecosystem.

Blob-Parameter-Only Forks Enable Flexible Upgrades

The developers of the network have also implemented a system called “Blob-Parameter-Only Forks.” It enables modifications to the number of blobs, which are essentially the units of measurement that layer 2s use to submit data, independently of a network upgrade.

Before, the network required synchronized updates among all nodes and clients, which involved complex processes. Currently, this configuration can be changed between major updates, making it easier to react to network requirements.

There are other areas, including security optimization, which are central to EIP-7823. The inputs allowed in an operation, specifically MODEXP, will have strict sizes mandated by EIP-7823, which will eliminate large operation sizes that are capable of compromising clients. The transaction gas limit will now be fixed at 16,777,216 gas.

Further, a ceiling on block size of 10 MiB will ensure smooth propagation and avoid network congestion. Altogether, this will bring a safe and predictable network space, absolutely required for the future development and sustainability of Ethereum.

Fusaka Upgrade Enhances Ethereum Network

Additionally, the Fusaka upgrade comes with a number of innovations aimed at making interactions between users and developers easier.

EIP-7917 will bring the future block proposers to the attention of the Beacon Chain, making transactions predictable and allowing quick preconfirmations. The “Count Leading Zeros” opcode will simplify complicated calculations, making contracts more efficient.

Additionally, the network will bring secp256r1, a cryptographic curve commonly used by secure authentication systems, including Apple Secure Enclave and FIDO2, directly to the Ethereum network. Adding this will allow users to log in through passkey and make wallet security easier.

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